the best way is to look at the word driving. it is verb+ing. so the first verb also needs to be verb+ing Jake has been walking instead of/rather than driving Walk and drive must be in the same tense. Jake has been walking and Jake has been driving (Perfect continuous) Then you simplify it to just Jake has been walking and driving In this case, it’s rather than, so, Jake has been walking rather than driving. You can have has walked too but you’ll have to change driving into drived Jake has walked and Jake has drived (perfect) Jake has walked rather than drived. After since, we need a perfect tense (either present perfect or present perfect continuous) but both verbs must be in the same tense!!